Hi 56pan,
Welcome to the Heartland Owners Forum.
Yes, one thermostat controls the furnace, and it uses the ambient temperature at that thermostat to turn the furnace on and off to maintain the temperature setting you choose. The furnace is usually located close to the bedroom and bathroom, so those ducts are typically very short and delivery the hottest air. As the hot air goes through longer ducts, to the back of the trailer, it cools down a bit. In addition, most trailers have multiple large windows in the living area, allowing significant heat loss through the glass.
Our Landmark furnace is controlled by a thermostat in the hallway, slightly forward of mid ships. Even so, we usually have a 6-8 degree differential at the back of the trailer. And that's with dual pane windows slowing the heat transfer a bit. On colder mornings, we'll turn on the fireplace in the back to even things out.
You could have a pinched duct to the living area. But before looking for duct restrictions, try using a piece of tissue paper at each register in the back to get a rough idea of how much air is coming through those ducts.