To pull a grade, it takes torque from the prime mover. So the best rpm for pulling is at the engines maximum torque point on the torque curve. For the CTD, this point is 2100 to 2200 rpm depending on the fueling curve. This also normally the best point for maximum fuel mileage, if high output is being demanded. Therefore, I normally tow at this rpm or just a little above so I am at maximum torque after the turbo lag clears. With this setup, the only reason I need to down shift is for slow traffic.