Hi Tom (and Millie),
So you've found that little devil. What others have said is accurate:
1. It's required by RVIA code to be installed
2. It's called an Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker / Check Valve
3. It's supposed to be "high-mounted" - I believe higher that all water using items except the shower
4. It's inline with the black-tank rinse spray-head and is designed to not allow rinse water to flow back
5. While we have to install them, a good many RVers remove them and go with a check valve at the hose connection for the flush system
6. That you know where it is, is now a HUGE benefit to you in the event it ever has to be replaced