as stated above, ospho or rustolium rust reformer or rust converter is the go to product.....it will turn the rust to a hard black surface that can be painted over, or left as is...
DONT sand the surface clean, but just use a scraper to remove any semi loose or flaking rust then wipe down with a degreaser, and paint over whats left.... because if you clean the metal til there is NO rust, there is nothing left on the surface to convert.... once converted, paint it with rustolium rust preventative paint.
another product to use if the metal IS rust free, but in a location that is prone to rusting, use the rustolium cold galv, which is a zinc rich paint that leaves a battleship gray color that will prevent rust from forming, and can be left as is, or painted over....